They were reported already in their present area when the early Portuguese explorers arrived. The Vai, many of whom are Muslims, are closely related to the Kono and are said to have first migrated with them from the interior. They were probably the ancestors of t he Limbas, the oldest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, the coastal Bulom (Sherbro), Tine, the Mande-speaking people including Vai, Loko and Mende. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims. The Kru are largely Christian. During Sierra Leone's colonial era thousands of Limbas migrated to the capital city of Freetown and its Western Area. Sierra Leone current Finance Minister Kaifala Marah is an ethnic Kuranko. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early 5th 7th century before Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. When Asian varieties were introduced during the second half of the nineteenth century, the Kissi fully launched into cultivation of rice, for which they use the Madingo word malo. In the mid-twentieth century most Yalunka had become Muslims. The Sierra Leone Creole people (or Krio people) are an ethnic group in Sierra Leone. The Susu are primarily cultivators, mainly of rice and millet; theyare also traders and are well known for their work in leather, gold, and other metals. This list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ). The majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress. The main body of the Temne lives between the Little Searcies and Sewa rivers in an area stretching eastward from the coast. They are well known for their discipline, capacity for hard work, and solidarity. #ga-ad {display: none;} With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. The Krios of Sierra Leone are descendants of freed slaves, who settled in Freetown and it’s surroundings between 1787 and 1885. Outsiders usually refer to them as Peul in French-speaking countries and as Fulani in most English-speaking areas. The Krios of Sierra Leone historic links to Britain began with Britain’s part in that heinous ‘Slave Trade’ – for the ethnic group called ‘Krios’ are descendants of various African American, Caribbean, and African ex-slaves and freemen who the British resettled in Africa in the modern day West African country of … Portuguese sailors were among the first Europeans to discover the site of what is now Freetown. The Kono people are a major Mande ethnic group in Sierra Leone at 5.2% of the country's total population. A small subgroup, concentrated mainly in the Yakemo Kpukumu Krim Chiefdom and otherwise indistinguishable from the Vai, still call themselves Gallinas and were counted separately in the 1963 census. The other two groups are the Bambara, who live mainly in Mali, and the Dioula, who are known are traders over a large part of West Africa. They were entering the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea before the sixteenth century, but their heaviest immigration occurred in the seventeenth. The Freetown area was in their hands when the British purchased it in 1788. script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); The Kissi live along the eastern border of Kailahun and Kono districts of Eastern Province where the frontiers of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone meet. It is the only Black state in Africa never subjected to colonial rule and is Africa’s oldest republic. Their traditional home is in Guinea, where numbers of them live and where a hill called Konno Su is still remembered as the burial place of an early Kono chief. Sierra Leone - Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life: The distribution of plants and animals has been influenced by such factors as relief and soil types and, perhaps more important, by farming methods and civil strife. The Susu and their related Yalunka are traders; both groups are primarily found in the far north in Kambia and Koinadugu District close to the border with Guinea. Their original home was the southern part of the Fouta Djallon in Guinea, from where they were driven out by the Yalunka in the seventeenth century. [1], One of the biggest ethnic groups are the Fula at around 4.4% of the population. Within their area hvc dialects of Koranko are spoken and are sufficiently different from other to identify a speaker’s place of origin. Some of the documents and fonds are listed below. The Sherbro live along the Atlantic coast, mainly in Bonthe and Moyamba districts. About 20 percent are Kpa-Mende (kpa means different) and reside in the west. The Yalunka (Dialonke, Jallonke) are considered by some scholars simply a branch of the Susu. According to Lake and Rothschild, (1996) ethnic conflict is a sign of a weak state or a state embroiled in ancient loyalties. They were devout Muslims in contrast to the Christian Creoles, and many of them continued to speak Yoruba. Many of the large shopping centers in Sierra Leone are owned and run by the Fula community. The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane, originally occupied the Liberian hinterland. They keep livestock largely for ceremonial purposes. On the whole, Sierra Leone is dominated by its two largest ethnic groups. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. These recaptured or liberated peoples, as they were called, had never lived on another continent, shared neither language nor country of origin, and had nothing in common with the Settlers and very little with each other, except the trauma of their capture and subsequent liberation. The country owes its name to the 15th-century Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra, the first European to sight and map Freetown harbour. Baseball and basketball are also popular, and several Sierra Leone-born athletes play professionally outside the country. All of them had learned English, and a modified version called Krio became their common language. Although largely faithful to indigenous religious beliefs, they greatly respect Islam, the religion of the Madingo and Fullah living among them. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. Ninety percent of Creoles lived in the Western Area, where they were outnumbered only by the Temne. Its capital city is Monrovia, named after U.S. President James Monroe. The much smaller Vai are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. Port Loko District is not their home but is named for the Lokko slaves shipped through the river port of that name. document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; The Madingo (usually called Mandingo elsewhere but also referred to as Madinka, Malinke, and Wangara) are one of the three most important groups among the cluster of linguistically and culturally related people called the Manding or, in French, Mandingue. They began moving into Sierra Leone slowly and peacefully in the eighteenth century. The Sierra Leonean-Lebanese community are primarily traders and they mostly live in middle-class households in the urban areas, primarily in Freetown, Bo, Kenema, Koidu Town and Makeni. In the past the Koranko fought intermittent ly with the Kono, to whom, however, they once gave refuge when the Kono were attacked by the Mende. }, Page last modified: The Mende are a Muslim majority group, though with a large Christian minority. Sierra Leone has played a significant part in modern African political liberty and nationalism, and became independent of the United Kingdom in 1961. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP).[1]. Cultiva- tors, traders, and religious teachers entered Sierra Leone from Guinea in small groups at different times. The name of the country, however, came into being in the 15th century, and there is some contention among historians surrounding the origin of the name ‘Sierra Leone’. In the 1970s the Mende constituted the majority of the population of Bo, Moyamba, Pujehun, and Bonthe districts of Southern Province and of Kailahun and Kenema districts of Eastern Province. A small number of Sierra Leoneans are of partial or full Lebanese ancestry, descendants of traders who first came to the nation in the 19th century. They eventually adopted the customs of the Settlers and intermarried with them, together forming the bulk of the group known as Creoles. In 1792 they were joined by about 1,000 freed slaves who had fought for the British in the American Revolution and had been unsuccessfully settled in Nova Scotia and in 1800 by about 500 people originally from Jamaica, the so-called Maroons. The Sierra Leone Creole people is an ethnic group in Sierra Leone. The Koranko (Kuranko) occupy the south of Koinadugu and the north of Tonkolili districts in Northern Province. By the end of the eighteenth century a Fullah (Peul) theocracy controlled the Fouta Djallon. During the 16th, 17th, and 18th century, many Limba people were shipped to North America as slaves. There might at one time have been as many as 80,000 Creoles in Sierra Leone, but in the 1963 census only 41,783 designated themselves as such, possibly an indication that many had decided to stress their African antecedents and to reject the British cultural heritage that had been their pride. There exists among them an endogamous caste of ironsmiths, whose women are potters, and a special caste of professional bards. The Vai are largely Muslim. Disease and hostility from the indigenous population nearly eliminated the first group of returnees. In time British rather than Creoles began filling the medical, legal, and military jobs in the Protectorate. The Limba live in a territory of about 1,900 square miles between the Little Searcies and Rokel rivers in Kambia, Bombali, Koinadugu, and Tonkolili districts of Northern Province. The majority are in Guinea and lesser numbers in Liberia. They have a strong military tradition, and their warriors, who distinguished them- selves in battles with the Temne, were renowned throughout Mende-land. By the 1860s some began to set- They are said to be indigenous to the south and central part of the Fouta Djallon, which the Fullah named after them. It has been suggested that they occupied much of the northern Sierra Leone at an earlier time but were pushed aside by Temne, Koranko, and Yalunka. var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { They predominate in the large towns, most notably Karina, in Bombali District in the north; Kabala and Falaba in Koinadugu District in the north; and Yengema, Kono District in the east of the country. In this case, states act with bias to favour a particular ethnic group or region, and behaviours such as preferential treatment fuel ethnic conflicts. They are the descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in the Western Area of Sierra Leone between 1787 and about 1885. The Kroo speak a language unrelated to that of any other Sierra Leoneans. The Kono are concentrated in Kono District in Eastern Province. In rural areas many Lokko live under Temne chiefs. Sierra Leone, country of western Africa. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. The third largest ethnic group are the Limba at around 6.4% of the population. Mary more of them live in the Kissidougou region of Guinea among the Madingo, to whom they are distantly related. The dense forests protected Sierra Leone from African pre-colonial empires and Islamic colonization. Another 35 percent are middle or Sewa Mende, so called because of their proximity to the Sewa River. Sierra Leone has been a source of and destination for refugees. After the railroad to Pendembu was completed in 1908, European firms, as well as Syrians and Lebanese, began trading in the interior, eventually displacing the Creoles and destroying an important economic base for the dominant Creole position. In the years between 1807, when Great Britain outlawed the slave trade, and the 1870s, when the transatlantic slave trade was finally ended, some 74,000 people were taken from illegal slave ships and landed at Freetown. A major ethnic group are the Temne, at 35.5% of Sierra Leone's population. They make up 35% of the population and tend to live in the northern part of the country. This unique culture is descended from previously enslaved people who settled in Sierra Leone from 1787 to the late 19th century. The next largest group, the Mende, make up 31% of the population. Temne, also spelled Temen or Timni, group of some 1.6 million people of central and northwestern Sierra Leone who speak a language (also called Temne) of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. Although they also participated actively in the slave trade, they are said never to have allowed anyone of their own ethnic group to be sold into captivity. The British made contact with the Mende only in 1876, when the former began reaching beyond the coastal area into the hinterland. Some of the major cities with significant Mende po… One of the first ethnic groups to become educated according to Western traditions, they have traditionally been appointed to positions in the civil service, beginning during the colonial years. They are locally known as Sierra Leonean-Lebanese. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. The Sherbro are virtually all Christians, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders. The first group of about 400 freed former domestic servants and disbanded soldiers who had been living in abject poverty in England were settled near present-day Freetown in 1787. The Sierra Leone Creole people are descendants of freed African American, West Indian, and Liberated African slaves who settled in the Western Area of Sierra Leone between 1787 and about 1885. Their ultimate place of origin is still at issue, but their nomadic ancestors are thought to have come from the area north of the Senegal River and to have moved gradually south and east during the last 400 or 500 years. U Before the establishment of roads and schools and the development of mining, the Limba were isolated from the Colony and the coastal peoples, and they tended to look northward to the people in the Fouta Djallon who had once ruled over them and with whom communication was easier than with the forest people of the south. During the holy war, or jihad, that began around 1725 most were reduced to serfdom by the Fullah. This close linguistic relationship supports a theory that the Susu and Yalunka were at some time one people in the Fouta Djallon, that they were separated by Fullah invaders, and that the Susu moved southward, absorbing other people in the process. The first groups of blacks, about 400 Londoners, arrived in Sierra Leone in 1787 and established Granville Town, named after British abolitionist Granville Sharp. fishing. Pages in category "Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone". Being a Creole meant being a Christian, living monogamously, generally adopting an English name, and following a European pattern of living. As a result, a significant number of Limbas can be found in Freetown and its surrounding Western Area. They pride themselves on speaking the purest Mende. The Mende have never constituted a cohesive nation, but their cultural characteristics and a rich oral tradition mark them off as a separate people. Freetown, was founded in 1787 as a home for repatriated former slaves from London and the Americas. They are primarily found in the Northern Province, particularly in Bombali District, Koinadugu and Kambia District. Their main activity is cultivation, but they also raise a few animals and engage in trade. According to their tradition, they were driven into the coastal forests by Susu and other Mende speakers. The Temne are cultivators who grow rice, groundnuts (peanuts), cassava, millet, and other crops. They speak a language that is almost indistinguishable from that of the Yalunka. They lived among the sparsely settled indigenous cultivators and hunters, such as the Susu and Yalunka, with whom they seemed to have had amicable relations. The Kpa-Mende have a social institution, the Wunde society, that is not found among other Mende. Liberia, country along the coast of western Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean. Remnants of the extensive original forest cover survive in the Gola Forest Reserves, in the southeastern hill country near the Liberian border. They have strong relationship with the Fullaa and Susu they are also widely spread in West Africa, being the third African Muslim to accept Islam after the Fullaa and Medingo. Sierra Leone has 16 different ethnic groups, each with a different language. They have migrated little, possibly because of extensive diamond mining in their area. The Kono are primarily diamond miners and farmers. The Temne constitute the largest single group in Freetown, which in the 1970s they continued to regard as their territory. The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province, while the Temne are found primarily in the Northern Province and the Western Area, including the capital city of Freetown. The strongest concentration of the Lokko (Loko) is found in Bombali District, which they share mainly with the Temne and Limba. A significant ethnic group are the Mandingo (also known as Mandinka). The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up 1.3% of the population. They began coming to Freetown before the end of the eighteenth century to look for work on board ships. The largest ethnic group is the Temne (35%), followed by the Mende (31%). The original Portuguese name, Serra Lyoa (“Lion Mountains”), referred to the range of hills that surrounds the harbour. Their language has been modified by Temne, and Lokko immigrants in Freetown often designate themselves Temne. The first organized immigration of freed enslaved people to Africa from the United States departs New York harbor on a journey to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. A similar ethnic group of Americo-Liberians are the Sierra Leone Creole people, who shared similar ancestry and related culture. Thus another factor that frequently colors interethnic relations in African countries — that of ethnic loyalties reaching beyond national borders — is missing. Sierra Leone’s founding dates back to 1787 when several waves of freed black settlers originating from England, Nova Scotia, and Jamaica all arrived in the area.

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