MCHENRY, JAMES, a Delegate from Maryland; born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland, November 16, 1753; pursued classical studies; immigrated to the United States about 1771 and settled in Philadelphia, Pa.; attended Newark Academy in Delaware; studied medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush, Philadelphia, Pa.; during the Revolution was appointed assistant surgeon in 1776 and later surgeon in the Fifth … Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, 1723-1790. In addition, he had a vacancy after appointing Timothy Pickering to the State Department. August 10, 1776 he was appointed surgeon of the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion stationed at Ft. Washington. Philadelphia 14 May 1787. Senator Uriah Tracy wrote regular letters to McHenry in February 1801, keeping him up-to-date on the daily events regarding the presidential election between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Mar 16, 2015 - James McHenry (1753-1816) Served as a skilled and dedicated surgeon during the American Revolutionary War. On August 10, 1776 he was appointed surgeon at the age of 22 of the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion stationed at Fort Washington (New York). During the election of 1800, McHenry goaded Hamilton into releasing his indictment against the President. He was paroled early the next year and exchanged in March 1778. He served as a member of the Maryland Assembly and then the Maryland Senate, before being offered the position of secretary of war to replace Timothy Pickering in January 1796. McHenry died in 1816, survived by his wife Margaret Caldwell, and two children. Adams gradually found that three members of the cabinet: McHenry, Pickering (the Secretary of State), and Oliver Wolcott (the Secretary of the Treasury), became a drag on his administration and programs. A large portion of the correspondence during this period relates to the ongoing feud with that country. Afterwards, McHenry retired to Fayetteville, his estate near Baltimore, where he founded the first Bible society in Baltimore, in 1813. (1) Dr. James McHenry. He was twice nominated by the Federalist Party as its presidential candidate in 1804 and 1808, losing both elections. After the election, McHenry wrote a letter to U.S. After a few of Washington’s preferred cabinet selections declined the position, his friend McHenry’s name surfaced. Other documents include an extract of a letter from Major Thomas Cushing to Brigadier General James Wilkinson, writing that he had given gifts to the Native Americans in order to prevent them from siding with the Spanish at New Orleans, who were attempting to win their favor (February 15, 1800). The pioneer, Daniel McHENRY, was born in Scotland in 1736, and on coming to America, located in Columbia county. He was a delegate to the Maryland State Convention of 1788, to vote whether Maryland should ratify the … President Adams later appointed Samuel Dexter as the fourth Secretary of War. Following British protocol, the United States Marine Corps enacted a policy which "set a higher standard of unit cohesion for Marines so that they would remain loyal, maintain … Painted by Gilbert Stuart. Non-Discrimination Statement Enter your email address below to receive periodic stories and content via email, © RevWarTalk • Community Guidelines • Privacy • Terms • [email protected]. James McHenry Papers, William L. Clements Library, The University of Michigan. There was no precedent to follow in the new constitutional government. James McHenry (MD) John F. Mercer (MD) Charles Pinckney (SC) Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (SC) Edmund J. Randolph (VA) John Rutledge (SC) Roger Sherman (CT) Richard Dobbs Spaight (NC) Caleb Strong (MA) James Wilson (PA) George Wythe (VA) Robert Yates (NY) New Federal Congress Experience After passing some time at Newark Academy, a noted Delaware preparatory institution, he moved to Philadelphia and engaged in the study of medicine as an apprentice under Benjamin Rush. John Jay was born on December 12, 1745 in New York City to Peter Jay, a wealthy merchant. He served in the Maryland legislature for thirteen years and in the Continental Congress from 1783-86. McHenry was a signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland, initiated the recommendation for Congress to form the Navy, and was the eponym of Fort McHenry. After the convention, McHenry returned to Maryland and was a member of the constitutional ratifying convention for the state. McHenry was later elected to the Maryland senate, served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, and was a Maryland representative during the Constitutional Convention. Returning to Philadelphia, McHenry then apprenticed under Dr. Benjamin Rush and became a physician. The bulk of the collection, representing 1796 to 1803, documents McHenry's tenure as secretary of war under presidents Washington and Adams. He was not a great man, but participated in great events and great men loved him, while all men appreciated his goodness and purity of soul. The Correspondence and Documents series spans 1777-1832, with the bulk of materials concentrated around 1796 to 1803. The booklet reviews his first years in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), hi.) During that time, McHenry continued frequent correspondence with his friends and associates, in particular Timothy Pickering and Benjamin Tallmadge, with whom he maintained Federalist ideals and exchanged progress of the war. Sep 12, 2016 - British, French, and Colonial doctors, physicians, surgeons, medical kits. Cato was just one of many African Americans, enslaved and free, who spied during the war. I speak of the party here" (April 18, 1789). Because of the lack of stronger documentation about James Gray's Revolutionary War experience, this page instead focuses on the stationing of Colonel Stephen Moylan's Dragoons at the Little Falls in 1780, for which there is much contemporary documentation (as shown in Source Notes 3, 4, 5, and 8 below). On November 15, 1791 he accepted a second term in the Maryland senate where he served for 5 years. 16 In that time, McHenry held a number of local, state and … Please wait until you can answer the capatcha. He served until 1800, when President John Adams forced his resignation over increasing tensions arising from McHenry's alignment with Alexander Hamilton. Considering that the Revoluti… Presidents--United States--Election--1800. McHenry advised the senate committee against reducing military forces. Editorial Reviews. McHenry was present at the Battle of Monmouth. Beset by health issues, he never fought in the war like George Washington had. James McHenry by James Sharples, Senior, ca. He practiced law for several years and was elected to the colonial … He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Maryland, and the third United States Secretary of War (1796–1800), under the first and second presidents, George Washington, (administration: 1789-1797) and John Adams, (administration: 1797-1801). They appeared to listen more to Adams’ adversary Alexander Hamilton than to the president. James McHenry died at his Baltimore estate in 1816. He was paroled in January 1777, and released from parole in March 1778. He was a sergeant of a company in the Revolutionary war. James McHenry was born to Daniel and Agnes McHenry at Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland on November 16, 1753. After the war, Miami Chief Little Turtle, became a proponent of friendly relations with the Americans. The people of Baltimore feared an attack by the British, and wanted to build a fort for protection. Cataloging funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the "We the People" project. Incorrect response to captcha. Late in 1776, while he was on the staff of the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion, the British captured him at Fort Washington, NY. The Bound Items series consists of a diary, a published book of letters, a book of U.S. Army regulations, an account book, and a book of poetry. A letter from James Winchester to McHenry describes the suspicion with which the Federalists regarded Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans, who favored closer relations with France: "…tho' they will not openly shew at this time their predilection for France, they will discover it in the first calamitous event which may happen to our Country. Still in his own opinion, the greatest man of the age. He was twice nominated by the Federalist Party as its presidential candidate in 1804 and 1808, losing both elections. While there, he observed that prisoners were given very poor medical attention and initiated reports to that effect, to no avail. The book of poetry is handwritten but undated and unsigned. RevWarTalk was started with the goal of being a positive and supportive online community for discussion of topics related to the American Revolutionary War. This booklet on James McHenry is one in a series on Revolutionary War soldiers who later signed the U.S. Constitution. He was taken prisoner the following November when … He came to the colonies and studied medicine. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In 1792, McHenry purchased a 95-acre tract from Ridgely’s Delight and named it Fayetteville in honor of his friend Lafayette; he spent his remaining years there. Papers of Dr. James McHenry on the Federal Convention of 1787. In a letter of 16 March, James McHenry had solicited the President's approval for series of military appointments sought by Major General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney in order to address Fries's Rebellion. Fort McHenry's history began in 1776 during the Revolutionary War. To report technical errors, please contact Over ten years later, McHenry wrote a letter to Timothy Pickering, responding to a series of memoirs Adams had printed in the Boston Patriot . A congressional committee declined a formal investigation, but McHenry delivered a defense before Congress on December 28, 1802. Pinckney was born into a powerful family of aristocratic planters. Mr. McHENRY belongs to a family which located in America before the Revolutionary war. From a naval assault, the city was defended by Fort McHenry. McHenry served as a skilled and dedicated surgeon during the American Revolutionary War. Two years later he retired from public life and spent a year actively engaged in mercantile business. Karen E. Robbins’s James McHenry, Forgotten Federalist is a welcome addition to the literature on the Revolution and early American republic, rescuing a misunderstood patriot from undeserved obscurity. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was an early American statesman of South Carolina, Revolutionary War veteran, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Convention. In 1781, Maryland elected McHenry to its State Senate, where he served until 1786. In addition to this finding aid, the Clements Library has created a full list of letter-writers in the James McHenry papers: James McHenry Contributor List. Captcha has been reloaded. Washington appointed McHenry Secretary of War in 1796 and immediately assigned him the task of facilitating the transition of Western military posts from Great Britain’s control to that of the United States, under the terms of the Jay Treaty. 1797-1798, while the account book covers 1816-1824. John grew up and was educated in Rye, NY, and took the same political stance as his strictly loyalist father… It shouldn't be surprising to learn that most of the first American presidents had participated in the American Revolution. During this time, president Washington had difficulties with his second administration, as his cabinet officers Hamilton and General Knox resigned. If you cannot decipher the captcha, please click the reload or sound button in the captcha box. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (February 25, 1746 – August 16, 1825) was an early American statesman of South Carolina, Revolutionary War veteran, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Having first received his education in Dublin, James continued his studies at Newark Academy in Delaware in 1772, before beginning the study of medicine in Philadelphia under Dr. Benjamin Rush. There McHenry temporarily served with the Flying Hospital (a kind of Revolutionary War MASH) before coming to General Washington's personal attention. He was taken prisoner by British when General William Howe captured Fort Washington, New York. After his resignation, McHenry came under attack from Republicans, who accused him of misusing funds during his tenure as secretary of war. Famously, an enslaved man named James Armistead infiltrated Cornwallis’ camp at Yorktown and communicated with the Marquis de Lafayette. On May 15, 1778, George Washington appointed him as his secretary, a position he held until he became a member of Lafayette's staff in 1780. A large portion of the correspondence during this period relates to the ongoing feud with that country. The 1931 book, entitled Letters of James McHenry to Governor Thomas Sim Lee is the correspondence written by James McHenry to Maryland governor Thomas Sim Lee during the 1781 Yorktown Campaign. It is unknown if Adams knew they were being disloyal. Most people involved in early American politics had served in some capacity. Indians of North America--Government relations--1789-1869. Alarmed that he became sick from excessive studying, his family in 1771 sent him at age 17 to North America to recuperate. | U-M Gateway. In August 1780 he was transferred to major-general Lafayette’s staff, where he remained until he retired from the army in the autumn of 1781. His highest titles to remembrance are that he was faithful to every duty and that he was the intimate and trusted friend of Lafayette, of Hamilton, and of Washington).”, Source(s): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McHenry. One such person was James Madison(1751-1836), the nation's fourth president. Ambassador to the Netherlands William Vans Murray, in which he discussed the election and why public opinion had shifted from the Federalists to Jefferson: "I still am of opinion, that we should have gained nothing by the election of Mr. Burr, could it have been accomplished by federal means. In addition to national and international politics, many of the items relate to U.S. relations with Native American tribes, including the Creek, Chickasaw, and Miami. In December of 1781, Major James McHenry resigned his military commission to take a seat, to which he had been elected, in the Maryland senate. McHenry served as a skilled and dedicated surgeon during the American Revolutionary War. As a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from Maryland, McHenry signed the US Constitution. McHenry, Pickering, and Wolcott all resigned. Type above and press Enter to search. He was taken prisoner the following November when the fort was taken by Sir William Howe. The British captured McHenry at Fort Washington in November, and he was paroled the next January, before being exchanged in March 1778. The first box of the collection contains documents and correspondence related to McHenry's service in the Revolutionary War, including correspondence with Sir Henry Clinton, George Washington, and Alexander Hamilton. Paroled in 1777, James McHenry was at the Battle of Monmouth, then became an aide to General George Washington in 1779. The James McHenry papers contain over 800 items related the life and career of James McHenry. James McHenry was born in Ireland's County Antrim. Having sufficiently impressed George Washington, he was appointed aide as secretary to the commander-in-chief in May 1779. During the War of 1812, Monroe held the critical roles of Secretary of State and the Secretary of War under President James … John Jay, first Chief Justice of the U.S., age 49. Cushing, Thomas H. (Thomas Humphrey), 1755-1822. Jay was too busy to pose, so he only sat long enough for Stuart to paint his head. He gained experience as an executive as the Governor of Virginia and rose to national prominence as a diplomat in France, when he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. McHenry was born into a Scots-Irish Presbyterian family in Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland (present day Northern Ireland) in 1753. Though he retired from politics, his letters document that he maintained a keen interest in domestic and international issues. In 1771 he came to Philadelphia; studied medicine under Benjamin Rush, and did hospital service the revolution. McHenry, James, 1753-1816. Several months later McHenry wrote in an unaddressed letter draft that he believed the President should recommend a declaration of war with France to Congress. M-844, M-868, M-919, M-1048, M-1049, M-1050, M-1051, M-1055, M-1057, M-1063, M-1064, M-1065, M-1071, M-1087, M-1089, M-1090, M-1096, M-1098, M-1137, M-1150, M-1163, M-1223, M-1226, M-1229, M-1244, M-1248, M-1266, M-1270, M-1277, M-1282, M-1297, M-1300, M-1312, M-1326, M-1341, M-1375, M-1397, M-1401, M-1420, M-1439, M-1475, M-1477, M-1566, M-1664, M-1690, M-1703, M-1860, M-2520, M-2584, M-4822. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Upon arrival, McHenry lived with a family friend in Philadelphia before deciding to finish his preparatory education at Newark Academy. The majority of the correspondence and documents are drafts or retained manuscript copies. McHenry was a signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland and the namesake of Fort McHenry. May 14, 1787. The materials include a draft of a letter to British general Henry Clinton regarding his military failures, written in McHenry's hand but signed "Z" (October 26, 1779), as well as a copy of a letter allegedly written by Clinton to Lord George Germain, which McHenry sent to Samuel Louden of the New York Packet to be published (March 24, 1780). McHenry wrote to him upon his resignation as secretary of war, thanking him for his friendship: "…I shall carry with me the remembrance of your fidelity, your good sense, your honest regard for your own people, your sensibility and eloquent discourse in their favour, and what is precious to me as an individual, a belief that I shall always retain your friendship" (May 30, 1800). An attack of paralysis in 1814, left him with severe pain and complete loss of the use of his legs. McHenry first volunteered for military service in 1775, and he served as an assistant surgeon at the Cambridge military hospital in Massachusetts, before being appointed surgeon of the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion in August 1776. Shall I assure our warriors our children and our women that your flag will always wave over our land, or tell them to prepare to die?" The materials frequently concern attempts to maintain peace and create treaties with the tribes, as well as to prevent them from giving their loyalty to other countries, such as Britain, France, or Spain. United States--Politics and government--1783-1809. The correspondence and documents relate to military structures, provisions, international relations, treaties, politics, and relations with Native American tribes. 1786], Plan of Fort Harmer Protracted by a Scale of Forty Feet to an Inch, Plan of Fort Harmar Protracted by a Scale of Forty Feet to an Inch, Plan of Fort Harmer Protracted by a Scale of Forty Feet to 1 Inch, [A Sketch of Fort Pitt by Capt Hoops: 9 May 1785], Plan of the Works Erecting at Pittsburg, 1792, A Plan of the Settlements at Detroit and Its Vicinity from River Rouge to Point Au Ginglet on Lake St. Clair, the Breadth of the Different Farms Taken on the 23d, 24, 25th & 26th of August: Delineated by a Scale of Ten Arpents or French Acres to One Inch Royal Measure of Paris, the Farms Within that Space Having Originally Been Laid Out by French Measure: the Remaining Part of the Plan Laid Down by a Scale of 360 Gunter's Chains to One Inch, [St. Clair's camp at later site of Greenville].

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